Since the 1990s the term “BIM” (Building Information Modelling) has been gradually dominating the AEC sector. In short, BIM is an intelligent 3D model-based process that involves creating and managing digital representations of the physical and functional characteristics of a building. BIM surpasses traditional 2D drawings, incorporating 3D models with data that can be utilized throughout the entire lifecycle of a construction project, i.e. before, during as well as after its completion.
In other words, using BIM to design, for instance, a wall goes beyond the traditional and straightforward “3D extrusion.” The architect is required to provide not only the wall dimensions but also its material specifications such as insulation and finishes as well as other additional properties. In parallel, the engineers have to account for and design any MEP (mechanical, electrical and plumbing) system installations as well as provide the necessary input to ensure the wall’s structural integrity.
Still, this simple example of collaborative design is merely a part of the BIM process. Embracing BIM as a workflow allows construction professionals to have better control of projects from start to finish. From initial project planning, site analysis and building surveys to detailed designs that are later translated into material quantities, technical specifications, fabrication guidelines and even cost estimations, BIM turns ideas into materialized projects in a seamless and time-effective manner. Beyond construction, the BIM process continues even after the project’s completion. More specifically, operators can use BIM to record and share data in order to efficiently run and maintain the building as well as plan for future renovations or upgrades. Apart from the enhanced collaboration advantages BIM offers, its ability to create detailed 3D models with associated data provides stakeholders outside the AEC sector with a better understanding of the project’s design and functionality. This, in turn, leads to cost savings by reducing the need for on-site modifications and rework. BIM also supports sustainability initiatives by instantly producing energy metrics and environmental analysis during the design phase.
Although the notion of BIM is simple to grasp, there have been numerous challenges regarding its effective – and hopefully worldwide – implementation. One major obstacle is the initial cost required to incorporate BIM into an already established design workflow; especially for smaller firms with limited funds and personnel. At the same time, many professionals who are accustomed to traditional methods may be hesitant to embrace new technologies. However, the most perplexing issue that prevents the global integration of BIM is the interoperability problems between different BIM software platforms. Currently, the construction industry employs a diverse range of BIM software solutions, each with its own unique file formats and data structures. This absence of uniformity complicates the exchange of information between different stakeholders, leading to inefficiencies and potential data loss during transitions throughout the project.
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